The Importance of Studying Greek Philosophers and Physicians (5 – 3 Century B.c.): Contribution to the Development of Neuroscience in Medical Schools

The nature of psychic life, the anatomical seat of cognitive, motor and sensory functions, and the origin of neurological diseases were broadly debated by ancient Greek scientists since the earliest times. Within a few centuries, speculation of philosophers and physicians laid to foundations of modern experimental and clinical neuroscience. In this review we shall present the most important Greek philosophers and physicians living between the 5th and the 3rd century before Christ (B.C.) and examine some of their leading theories concerning the mechanisms of cognitive activity, the nature of perception and voluntary movement, and the causes of neurological and psychiatric disorders